DEN-dro-ring-KOY-deez (Gr. dendron "tree" + (Rhampho)rhynchus (Gr. rhygkhos "snout") + -oides "like, form") (m) replacement name for preoccupied Dendrorhynchus Ji S. & Ji Q. 1998 "tree-of-Rhamphorhynchus," named to indicate its supposed close similarity and taxonomic relationship to the genus Rhamphorhynchus. Redescription of the specimen (Unwin, Lu & Bakhurina 2000) indicates that it is based on the fossil of a short-tailed anurognathid, apparently doctored to add part of a long tail (perhaps from a small theropod dinosaur)--thus the taxon is not closely related to Rhamphorhynchus and the genus name is a misnomer. Dendrorhynchoides is a small pterosaur with a wingspan of around 40-50 cm (16-18 in.), known from a fairly complete skeleton with a disarticulated skull (Holotype: GMV2128 (National Geological Museum of China, Beijing)), found in the Early Cretaceous (?Barremenian) Yixian Formation (Chaomidianzi), Sihetun area near Beipiao, western Liaoning Province, northeastern China. The skull is very short and broad, lightly constructed with large cranial openings. The true tail is short (about 15-20 mm long), and slightly tapering, consisting of 6 to 8 small caudals that form a pygostyle-like structure. The original association of a supposed long tail with the remains led to claims that the lower Liaoning Beds must be Late Jurassic in date--or that Dendrorhynchoides could represent a relict rhamphorhynchid that survived into the Early Cretaceous. Reidentification of the animal as a short-tailed anurognathid and more accurate dating of the Liaoning Beds to the Early Cretaceous indicates that anurognathids survived beyond the Late Jurassic.
Type Species: Dendrorhynchoides curvidentatus [kuhr-vi-den-TAY-tuhs] (Ji S. & Ji Q. 1998) "curved teeth": referring to the long curved teeth in its jaws. Rhamphorhynchoidea Anurognathidae Early Cretaceous (? Barremian) China [revised 9/2001]
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