Carcharodontosauridae
En attendant le bestiau de mars, qui très probablement détrônera le sympathique T.rex, ouvrons un topic sur les Carcharodontosauridae ...
Pour commencer, ce que l'on a sous la main (liste certainement non exhaustive):
Carcharodontosauridae Stromer, 1931
Definition- (Carcharodontosaurus saharicus <- Allosaurus fragilis, Sinraptor dongi, Passer domesticus) (Sereno, 2005)
Other definitions- (Carcharodontosaurus saharicus <- Allosaurus fragilis, Sinraptor dongi, Monolophosaurus jiangi, Cryolophosaurus ellioti) (modified from Sereno, 1998)
(Carcharodontosaurus saharicus <- Allosaurus fragilis, Sinraptor dongi) (Holtz et al., 2004)
?= Sigilmassasauridae Russell, 1996
= Carcharodontosauridae sensu Sereno, 1998
Definition- (Carcharodontosaurus saharicus <- Allosaurus fragilis, Sinraptor dongi, Monolophosaurus jiangi, Cryolophosaurus ellioti) (modified)
= Acrocanthosauridae Molnar, 2001
= Carcharodontosauridae sensu Holtz et al., 2004
Definition- (Carcharodontosaurus saharicus <- Allosaurus fragilis, Sinraptor dongi)
Comments- Sereno's 2005 definition differs from Holtz et al.'s (2004) by including Passer as an external specifier. The only times carcharodontosaurids have been placed in Coelurosauria is when tyrannosaurids were as well (Bakker et al., 1988; Paul, 1988), and they have often been placed closer to tyrannosaurids than to Allosaurus or Passer (Paul, 1988; Kurzanov, 1989; Molnar et al., 1990). So Tyrannosaurus would be a more useful tertiary external specifier than Passer. The remote possibility of a relationship to ceratosaurs (Bonaparte et al., 1990) might suggest Carnotaurus should be used as an additional external specifier.
References- Molnar, 2001. Theropod paleopathology: a literature survey: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 337-363.
undescribed carcharodontosaurid (Calvo et al., 2004)
Albian, Early Cretaceous
Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina
Material- (MEF 1157) cervicals, caudals, scapula
Reference- Calvo, Porfiri, Veralli, Novas and Pobletei, 2004. Phylogenetic status of Megaraptor namunhuaiquii Novas based on a new specimen from Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana (Rev. Asoc. Paleontol. Argent.) - 41 (4): 565-575.
undescribed carcharodontosaurid (Coria and Currie, 1997)
Late Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous
Huincul Formation of Rio Limay Subgroup, Argentina
Material- (MUCPv coll.) (8 m; adult) maxillary tooth, surangular, dorsal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, caudal vertebra, manual ungual, acetabular region of ilium, pubes, femora, tibiae, fibula, metatarsal, several pedal phalanges
(MUCPv coll.) seven other individuals
Comments- This taxon was discovered in 1995, but only reported to Coria in 1997, when he and Currie examined the material. It was announced at that years Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting, and described briefly in an abstract (Coria and Currie, 1997). At the time, only the remains of an 8 meter long specimen were known, and it was identified as an adult. The teeth are described as carcharodontosaurid-like, and the femur noted to share characters with Giganotosaurus (eg. dorsally projected head; ?deep sulcus?). Coria and Currie returned to the site in 1998 to discover the presence of at least six individuals, some of which Currie says could be larger than Giganotosaurus? holotype. The association of several individuals was suggested to be due to pack behavior. This was reported to the popular media in May 1999, and later described in another abstract (Eberth et al., 2000). Later (Eberth and McCrea, 2001), the minimum number of individuals was increased to eight. This paper finds the probable cause of death to be drought and notes the bones experienced at least two flooding events and were exposed and trampled over more than one season. However, they state several alternatives exist besides gregarious behavior to explain the find, including environmental stress and breeding. It was reported on the internet that a magazine had termed the taxon Giganotosaurus "argentine", but this has yet to be confirmed and would be a nomen nudum in any case. Currie and Coria are of the opinion it is a new genus, and though the description (sometimes rumored to be in Nature or Science) is often said to be nearly completed, it has yet to appear.
References- Coria and Currie, 1997. A new theropod from the Rio Limay Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 17(3) 40A.
Eberth, Currie, Coria, Garrido and Zonneveld, 2000. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (3).
Eberth and Crea, 2001. Were large theropods gregarious? Jourtnal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21(3) 46A-47A.
undescribed carcharodontosaurid (Alcober, Sereno, Larsson, Martinez and Varricchio, 1998)
Santonian-Early Campanian, Late Cretaceous
Rio Colorado Subgroup, Argentina
Material- partial skeleton including quadrate, vertebrae including axis, gastralia, furcula, ilium, pubis and astragalus
Description- large canal near the base of the quadrate suggest and avian course for the pneumonic siphonium; camellate pneumaticity in postcranium; axis extremely pneumatic; pneumatic cavities present in centra, neural arches, furcula and ilium; gastralia fused at midline; furcula present; large pubic foot; ascending process of astragalus taller than other allosauroids and closer to coelurosaurs.
Reference- Alcober, Sereno, Larsson, Martinez and Varricchio, 1998. A Late Cretaceous carcharodontosaurid (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) from Argentina. JVP 18(3) 23A
unnamed possible carcharodontosaurid (Buffetaut, Mechin and Salessy, 1988)
Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Gres a Reptiles Formation, France
Material- maxilla (240 mm)
Comments- Originally described as an abelisaurid, but probably a carcharodontosaurid instead (Carrano and Sampson, 2002).
References- Buffetaut, Mechin and Mechin-Salessy, 1988. Un dinosaure théropode d?affinités gondwaniennes dans le Crétacé supérieur de Provence. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris. t. 306. Sér. II: 153-158.
Carrano and Sampson, 2002. Ceratosaurs: A global perspective. JVP 22(3) 41A.
undescribed carcharodontosaurid (Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Gado, Larsson, Lyon, Marcot, Rauhut, Sadleir, Sidor, Varricchio, Wilson and Wilson, 1998)
Aptian, Early Cretaceous
Elrhaz Formation, Niger
Material- (mid-sized) teeth
Reference- Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Gado, Larsson, Lyon, Marcot, Rauhut, Sadleir, Sidor, Varricchio, Wilson and Wilson, 1998. A Long-Snouted Predatory Dinosaur from Africa and the Evolution of the Spinosaurids. Science 282(5392): 1298?1302.
unnamed carcharodontosaurid (Russel, 1996)
Albian, Early Cretaceous
Gres Rouges Infracenomaniens, Morocco
Material- (CMN 41859) dentary fragment
(CMN 41861) dentary fragment (teeth FABL 6-14 mm )
Comments- Originally described as abelisaurid, but they are carcharodontosaurid instead (Carrano and Sampson, 2002).
References- Russell, 1996. Isolated dinosaur bones from the Middle Cretaceous of the Tafilalt, Morocco. Bulletin du Muse'um national d'Histoire naturelle (4e se'r.) 18:349-402.
Carrano and Sampson, 2002. Ceratosaurs: A global perspective. JVP 22(3) 41A.
Neovenator Hutt, Martill and Barker, 1996
= "Neovenator" Naish, 1996
N. salerii Hutt, Martill and Barker, 1996
= "Neovenator salerii" Naish, 1996
Barremian, Early Cretaceous
Upper Weald Clay, England
Diagnosis- (from Hutt et al., 1996) five premaxillary teeth; external naris twice as long as high and twice as long as dental margin of premaxilla; large maxillary fenestra with narrow interfenestral bar; tooth crowns one quarter total tooth length; all dorsal vertebrae pleurocoelous; distinct dorsal groove on pedal unguals.
Holotype- (BMNH R10001; MIWG 6348) (~7.5 m) premaxillae, maxilla, nasal, anterior dentary, teeth (crown to 40 mm), axis, five cervical vertebrae, cervical rib fragments, ten dorsal vertebrae, dorsal rib fragments, several gastralia, three sacral vertebrae, twenty-two caudal vertebrae, three chevrons, scapulacoracoid, incomplete ilium, incomplete pubes (~670 mm), incomplete ischia, femur (750 mm), tibia (670 mm), fibula (660 mm), metatarsal II (330 mm), metatarsal IV (325 mm), pedal phalanges, pedal unguals
Paratype- (MIWG 6352) incomplete skeleton including pubis
References- Naish, 1996. Dinosaur Discoveries #1.
Hutt, Martill and Barker, 1996. The first European allosaurid dinosaur (Lower Cretaceous, Wealden Group, England). N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Mh., 1996 (10): 635-644.
Acrocanthosaurus Stovall and Langston, 1950
= "Acrocanthus" Langston, 1947 vide Czaplewski, Cifelli and Langston, 1994
A. atokensis Stovall and Langston, 1950
= "Acracanthus atokaensis" Langston, 1947 vide Czaplewski, Cifelli and Langston, 1994
Aptian-early Albian, Early Cretaceous
Antlers Formation, Oklahoma, Antlers Formation, Paluxy River Formation, Twin Mountains Formation, Texas, Middle Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, US
Holotype- (MOU 8-0-S9 or OMNH 10146) (9.9 m) lacrimal, partial jugal, partial postorbital, incomplete squamosal, frontals, parietals, braincase, ectopterygoid, articular, fragment of surangular, fragment of angular, atlantal intercentrum, axial fragment, partial third cervical vertebra (96 mm), incomplete fourth cervical vertebra (98 mm), incomplete fifth cervical vertebra (123 mm), sixth cervical neural arch, partial seventh cervical centrum (153 mm), incomplete eighth cervical vertebra (158 mm), ninth cervical vertebra (168 mm), incomplete tenth cervical vertebra (153 mm), three incomplete cervical ribs, fifth dorsal vertebra (107 mm), sixth dorsal vertebra (110 mm), seventh dorsal vertebra, twelfth dorsal centrum (128 mm), thirteenth dorsal centrum (125 mm), eight dorsal neural spines, five posterior dorsal ribs, gastralium, two caudal centra, two proximal chevrons, coracoid, pubes (~838 mm), ischium (~621 mm), distal femur (~950 mm), tibia (~865 mm), fibulae (801 mm), astragalus, metatarsal III (416 mm) (Stovall and Langston 1950)
Paratype- (MOU 8-0-S8 or OMNH 10147) (11.29 m) two dorsal centra, four dorsal neural spines, eight posterior dorsal ribs, first caudal vertebra, second caudal vertebra (128 mm), third caudal vertebra (138 mm), fourth caudal vertebra (140 mm), ninth caudal vertebra (149 mm), tenth caudal vertebra (146 mm), eleventh caudal vertebra (141 mm), twelfth caudal vertebra (140 mm), eighteenth caudal vertebra, nineteenth caudal vertebra (131 mm), twentieth caudal vertebra (134 mm), twenty-first caudal vertebra (135 mm), twenty-second caudal vertebra, twenty-third caudal vertebra (124 mm), proximal chevron, pubes, proximal femur (~950 mm), fragmentary tibia (~958 mm), metatarsal II (416 mm), metatarsal III (445 mm), phalanx III-1 (145 mm) (Stovall and Langston 1950)
Referred- (ASDM coll.) tooth (Ratkevich, 1997)
(CEU 5107) tooth (Kirkland, Lucas and Estep 1998)
(OMNH 51788) tooth (Lipka, 1998)
(SMU 74646) (1.87 tons) incomplete jugal, ectopterygoid, palatine, partial surangular, articular, partial prearticular, partial splenial, rostral tooth (84 mm tall, 31 by 19.5 mm wide), partial tooth, axis (101 mm), partial third cervical vertebra, partial fourth cervical vertebra, partial fifth cervical vertebra (158 mm), partial sixth cervical vertebra (180 mm), seventh cervical neural spine, eighth cervical neural spine, ninth cervical neural spine, tenth cervical centrum, two posterior cervical zygapophyseal assemblies, seven partial cervical ribs, first dorsal centrum (295 mm), partial second dorsal vertebra (268 mm),partial third dorsal vertebra, partial fourth dorsal vertebra, partial fifth dorsal centrum, partial sixth dorsal vertebra, partial seventh dorsal vertebra, partial eighth dorsal vertebra, incomplete ninth dorsal vertebra (135 mm), incomplete tenth dorsal vetrtebra (144 mm), partial eleventh dorsal vertebra, partial twelfth dorsal vertebra, partial thirteenth dorsal vertebra, ten dorsal neural spines, nineteen partial dorsal ribs, dorsal rib fragments, gasteralia, partial first sacral vertebra (170 mm), incomplete second sacral vertebra (160 mm), incomplete third sacral vertebra (160 mm), partial fourth sacral vertebra, fifth sacral fragment, two sacral neural spines, first caudal vertebra (117 mm), second caudal vertebra (124 mm), fifth caudal vertebra (139 mm), sixth caudal vertebra (135 mm), eighth caudal vertebra (135 mm), fifteenth caudal vertebra (140.5 mm), sixteenth caudal vertebra (150 mm), seventeenth caudal vertebra (142 mm), eighteenth caudal vertebra (141 mm), ninteenth caudal vertebra (141 mm), twenty-second caudal vertebra, twenty-eighth caudal vertebra (133 mm), twenty-ninth caudal vertebra (131 mm), thirtieth caudal vertebra, proximal scapula, distal scapula, incomplete pubes, ischia (844 mm), femora (1090 mm), distal metatarsal II (Harris, 1998)
(USNM 497718) tooth (Lipka, 1998)
(USNM 497722) tooth (Lipka, 1998)
(USNM 497723) tooth (Lipka, 1998)
(USNM 497724) tooth (Lipka, 1998)
(USNM 497725) tooth (Lipka, 1998)
(USNM 497726) tooth (Lipka, 1998)
(NCSM 14345; OMNH 10168) (11.5 m) skull (1.29 m), mandibles (1.315 m), presacral vertebral fragments, cervical rib, several partial dorsal ribs, gastralia fragments, over fourteen caudal vertebrae (120-160 mm), six chevrons, scapula (970 mm), coracoid (360 mm), humerus (370 mm), radius (220 mm), ulna (255 mm), radiale, ulnare, semilunate carpal, metacarpal I (62 mm), phalanx I-1 (111 mm), metacarpal II (116 mm), phalanx II-1 (101 mm), phalanx II-2 (103 mm), manual ungual II (124, 144 mm), metacarpal III (89 mm), phalanx III-1 (50 mm), phalanx III-2 (42 mm), phalanx III-3 (60 mm), manual ungual III (71, 75 mm), incomplete femur (~1.277 m), incomplete tibia, partial astragalus, calcaneum, metatarsal I (111 mm), phalanx I-1 (70 mm), pedal ungual I, metatarsal II (410 mm), phalanx II-1 (55 mm), phalanx II-2 (122 mm), partial metatarsal III (~439 mm), phalanx III-1 (160 mm), phalanx III-2 (115 mm), partial metatarsal IV, phalanx IV-1 (85 mm), phalanx IV-2 (70 mm), phalanx IV-3 (58 mm), phalanx IV-4, pedal ungual IV, metatarsal V (200 mm) (Currie and Carpenter, 2000)
Comments- Currie and Carpenter (2000) found Acrocanthosaurus to be an allosaurid, but of their thirteen characters supporting this, at least four are primitive (promaxillary and maxillary fenestrae; axial intercentrum subparallel to axis ventral margin; paired anterior and posterior processes at base of chevrons; pubic foramen present in distal pubis), three are also found in Giganotosaurus (basioccipital participates in basal tubera; distal ends of paroccipital processes below foramen magnum; internal carotid opening pneumatized), one in Carcharodontosaurus (separation of trigeminal nerve branches complete), and five aren't known in Carcharodontosaurus or Giganotosaurus (long basipterygoid processes; reduced external mandibular
fenestra; pronounced notch between acromion and coracoid; sigmoidal humerus; metacarpal IV absent). So there are actually no characters published by Currie and Carpenter that support placing Acrocanthosaurus in the Allosauridae. Giganotosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus are clearly more closely related to each other than Acrocanthosaurus is to either, but there's no reason to believe the latter is not carcharodontosaurid.
References- Langston, 1947. unpublished Master's Thesis.
Stovall and Langston, 1950. Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, a new genus and species of Lower Cretaceous Theropoda from Oklahoma. Amer. Mid. Nat. 43 696-728, 4 figs., 4 pls.
Decourten, 1991. New data on Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Long Walk Quarry and Tracksite, Emery County, Utah. Utah Geological Association Publication. 19 p. 311-324.
Czaplewski, Cifelli, and Langston, 1994. Catalog of type and figured fossil vertebrates, Oklahoma Museum of Natural History. Oklahoma Geological Survey Special Publication 94: 1-35.
Ratkevich, 1997. Dinosaur remains of southern Arizona. in D.L. Wolberg, E. Stump and G.D. Rosenberg (eds.), Dinofest International, pp. 213-221. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences.
Harris, 1998. A Reanalysis of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, its Phylogenetic Status, and Paleobiogeographic Implications, Based on a New Specimen from Texas. New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletin 13: 1-75.
Kirkland, Lucas and Estep, 1998. Cretaceous dinosaurs of the Colorado Plateau Fossil Plants and Invertebrates Proceedings volume for the The "Lower to "Middle" Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems" symposium, Fruita, CO, Dinamation Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems Spencer G. Lucas, James I. Kirkland and John W. Estep, Eds. New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletin 14.
Lipka, 1998. The affinities of the enigmatic theropods of the Arundel Clay facies (Aptian), Potomac Formation, Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland. Proceedings volume for the The "Lower to "Middle" Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems" symposium, Fruita, CO, Dinamation Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. Lucas, Kirkland and Estep, Eds. New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletin. 14, 229-234.
Currie and Carpenter, 2000. A new specimen of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous Antlers Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Aptian) of Oklahoma, USA. Geodiversitas 22 (2) : 207-246.
unnamed clade (Carcharodontosaurus saharicus <- Acrocanthosaurus atokensis)
Comments- This subset of carcharodontosaurids is characterized by wrinkled tooth enamel, among other characters.
unnamed carcharodontosaurid (Rich, Rich, Lanus, Rich and Vacca, 1999)
Late Aptian-Late Cretaceous, Early Cretaceous-Late Cretaceous
Cerro Castano Member of the Cerro Barcino Formation, Argentina; Brazil
Material- (MPEF-PV 1168) dentary tooth (69.6 mm)
Description- enamel wrinkles restricted to posterolateral part of the tooth.
References- Kellner and Campos, 1998. Review of Cretaceous theropods and sauropods from Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18 (supp. to 3) 55A.
Vickers-Rich, Rich, Lanus, Rich and Vacca, 1999. 'Big Tooth' from the Early Cretaceous of Chubut Province, Patagonia: A Possible Carcharodontosaurid. in Tomida, Rich, and Vickers-Rich, eds., pp. 85-88.
undescribed carcharodontosaurid (Kellner and Campos, 1998)
Santonian-Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Bauru Formation, Brazil
Material- teeth
Description- strong enamel ridges on teeth similar to carcharodontosaurids.
References- Kellner and Campos, 1998. Review of Cretaceous theropods and sauropods from Brazil. JVP 18(3) 55A
Silva and Kellner, 1999. Novos dentes de Theropoda do Cretaceo continental do Brasil. Paleontologia em Destaque, Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia 14(26).
undescribed carcharodontosaurid (Sereno et al., unpub.)
Aptian, Early Cretaceous
Elrhaz Formation?, Niger
Material- (~9 m) jaw bones, teeth, vertebrae, pelvic elements including pubis
Comments- Sereno notes the postorbital structure and wrinkled enamel suggest it is carcharodontosaurid.
Reference- http://www.projectexploration.org/niger2000/10_03_2000_2.htm
unnamed possible carcharodontosaurid (Chure, Manabe, Tanimoto and Tomida, 1999)
Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian, Late Cretaceous
Jobu Formation of Mifune Group, Japan
Material- (MDM 341) tooth (53 mm)
Description- enamel wrinkles restricted to anterior and posterior edges of tooth both laterally and medially.
Comments- Originally referred to Carcharodontosauridae, however Fukuiraptor has enamel wrinkles as well and is close in time and space.
Reference- Chure, Manabe, Tanimoto and Tomida, 1999. An Unusual Theropod Tooth from the Mifune Group (Late Cenomanian to Early Turonian), Kumamoto, Japan. in Tomida, Rich, and Vickers-Rich, eds., Proceedings of the Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium. National Science Museum (Tokyo) Monographs, No. 15, pp. 291-296.
Tyrannotitan Novas, de Valais, Vickers-Rich and Rich, 2005
T. chubutensis Novas, de Valais, Vickers-Rich and Rich, 2005
Late Aptian-Late Cretaceous, Early Cretaceous-Late Cretaceous
Cerro Castano Member(?) of the Cerro Barcino Formation, Argentina
Holotype- (MPEF-PV 1156) (~11.4 m) partial dentaries, teeth, third to eighth dorsal vertebrae, eleventh to fourteenth dorsal vertebrae, ribs, proximal caudal vertebra, chevrons, proximal scapula, coracoid, distal humerus, ulna, ilial fragments, incomplete pubes, ischia, femur, fibula, metatarsal II
Paratype- (MPEF-PV 1157) (~12.2 m) jugals, dentary (680 mm), teeth, atlas, ninth cervical vertebra, seventh dorsal vertebra, tenth dorsal vertebra, thirteenth dorsal vertebra, ribs, five sacral centra, distal caudal vertebrae, femur (1.40 m), incomplete metatarsal II, phalanx II-1, phalanx II-2, pedal ungual II, phalanx III-3
Diagnosis- (after Novas et al., 2005) teeth with bilobate denticles on rostral carina; deep mental groove on dentary; posterior dorsal vertebrae with strongly developed ligament scars on neural spines.
Comments- Novas et al. (2005) list three pedal phalanges as being present in the holotype ("2.I, 2.II and 3.III"), but also illustrate an ungual supposedly from digit II, which wouldn't correspond to any of these. It's possible the preserved phalanges are I-2, II-2 and III-3 instead. The skeletal reconstruction only shows two phalanges- ungual III and a distal phalanx.
References- Rich, Vickers-Rich, Novas, Cúneo, Puerta and Vacca, 2000. Theropods from the Middle Cretaceous Chubut Group of the San Jorge sedimentary basin, Central Patagonia. A preliminary note. GAIA 15:111-115.
Novas, de Valais, Vickers-Rich and Rich, 2005.A large Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia, Argentina, and the evolution of carcharodontosaurids. Naturwissenschaften.
"Megalosaurus" inexpectatus Corro, 1966
Late Cretaceous
Cerro Castillo Formation, Argentina
Holotype- teeth
Comments- Corro (1974) notes that this taxon has wrinkled enamel similar to Carcharodontosaurus saharicus, so it is provisionally assigned to the Carcharodontosauridae. It must be noted that some other taxa have such wrinkles too though (e.g. Fukuiraptor).
References- Corro, 1966. Un nuevo dinosaurio Carnivoro del Chubut (Argentina). Communicaciones Mus. Argent. Cien. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia". Paleontol. 1:1-4.
Corro, 1974. Un nuevo megalosaurio (Carnosaurio) del Cretacico de Chubut (Argentina). Communicaciones Mus. Argent. Ciencias Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia" Paleontol. 1: 37-44.
Carcharodontosaurus Stromer, 1931
?= Sigilmassasaurus Russell, 1996
C. saharicus (Deperet and Savornin, 1925) Stromer, 1931
= Megalosaurus saharicus Deperet and Savornin, 1925
= Dryptosaurus saharicus (Deperet and Savornin, 1928)
?= Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis Russell, 1996
Aptian-Cenomanian, Early Cretaceous-Late Cretaceous
Continental Intercalaire, Algeria; Baharija Formation, Egypt; Gres Rouges Infracenomaniens, Kem Kem Beds, Tegana Formation, Morocco; Continental Intercalaire, Niger; Sudan; Chenini Formation, Continental Intercalaire, Tunisia
Holotype- (destroyed) two teeth
Referred- (CMN 4189) maxillary fragment (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41629) posterior cervical vertebra (150 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41772; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) dorsal vertebra (162 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41774; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) cervical vertebra (67 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41775; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) caudal vertebra (94 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41776; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) dorsal vertebra (~150 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41790; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) cervical vertebra (~127 mm) (Russell, 1996)
(CMN 41817) tooth (54x27x12 mm) (Russell, 1996)
(CMN 41818) tooth (67x36x22 mm) (Russell, 1996)
(CMN 41819) tooth (69x34x16 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41850; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) dorsal vertebra (152 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41851; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) dorsal vertebra (157 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41853; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) caudal vertebra (110 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41854; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) caudal vertebra (110 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41855; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) caudal vertebra (59 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41856; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) cervical vertebra (146 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41857; holotype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) cervical vertebra (121 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 41858; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) dorsal vertebra (Russell, 1996)
(CMN 41859) maxillary fragment (Sereno et al., 1998)
?(CMN 41862) distal caudal vertebra (58 mm) (Russell, 1996)
(CMN 41908) tooth (30x24x11 mm) (Russell, 1996)
(CMN 41910) tooth (23x19x6 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 50402; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) dorsal vertebra (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 50407; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) dorsal vertebra (98 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 50428; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) dorsal vertebra (Russell, 1996)
(CMN 50792) cervical vertebra (148 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(CMN 50800; paratype of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis) dorsal vertebra (88 mm) (Russell, 1996)
?(IPHG 1922 X45; material of Spinosaurus B) two teeth, cervical vertebra (117 mm), cervical vertebra (~140 mm), cervical vertebra (~135 mm), cervical vertebra (140 mm), cervical vertebra (160 mm), caudal vertebra (96 mm), caudal vertebra (88 mm), caudal vertebra (82 mm), caudal vertebra (89 mm), caudal vertebra (86 mm), caudal vertebra, caudal vertebra (83 mm), femur (700 mm), tibiae (595, 600 mm) (Stromer, 1934)
(IPHG 1922 X46; holotype of Carcharodontosaurus) maxilla lacking nasal process, teeth, nasal, parietal, cervical vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, manual ungual, ilium, pubis (>800 mm), femur (1.26 m), fibula (880 mm) (Stromer, 1931)
(MNNHN coll.) nine teeth (47 mm), dorsal vertebra (86 mm), six caudal vertebrae (70, 67, 80, 59 mm), manual phalanx II-2, incomplete metatarsal, four pedal phalanges (Lapparent, 1960)
(SGM-Din 1) (12.79 m) skull lacking premaxilla (~1.6 m) (Sereno et al., 1996)
?(SGM-Din 3) cervical vertebrae (Sereno et al., 1996)
teeth (Lavocat, 1954)
teeth (Sadleir, 1998)
Comments- Sadleir (1998) referred teeth from the Cenomanian Kem Kem Beds of Morocco to Carcharodontosaurus.
Novas et al. (2005) believe that differences between Sigilmassasaurus, Spinosaurus B and cervical SGM-Din 3 on one hand, and Tyrannotitan and Giganotosaurus on the other, show that the former are incorrectly referred to Carcharodontosaurus. The former material would then all be referred to Sigilmassasaurus.
References- Deperet and Savornin, 1925. Sur Ia decouverte d'une faune de vertebres albiens a Timintoun (Sahara occidental). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 181:1108-1111.
Stromer, 1931. Wirbeltiere-Reste der Baharijestufe (unterstes Cenoman). Ein Skellett-Rest von Carcharodontosaurus nov. gen.. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat. Abt. (N. F.) 9 1-23, 1 pl.
Stromer, 1934. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 13. Dinosauria. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat. Abt., (n. s.) 22 1-79, 3 pls.
Lavocat, 1954. Sur les Dinosauriens du continental intercalaire des Kem-Kem de la Daoura. C. R. 19th Internatl. Geol. Congr. 1952: 65-68.
Lapparent, 1960. Les dinosauriens du "Continental intercalaire" du Sahara central. Mem. Soc. Geol. France 88A: 1-57.
Rauhut, 1995. Zur systematischen Stellung der afrikanischen Theropoden Carcharodontosaurus Stromer 1931 und Bahariasaurus Stromer 1934. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E16 (Gundolf-Ernst-Festschrift): 357-375.
Sereno, Dutheil, Iarochene, Larsson, Lyon, Magwene, Sidor, Varricchio and Wilson, 1996. Predatory Dinosaurs from the Sahara and Late Cretaceous Faunal Differentiation. Science 272(5264): 986-991.
Russell, 1996. Isolated dinosaur bones from the Middle Cretaceous of the Tafilalt, Morocco. Bulletin du Muse'um national d'Histoire naturelle (4e se'r.) 18:349-402.
Sidleir, 1998. Theropod teeth from the Cretaceous of Morocco. JVP 18(3) 74A.
Larsson, 2001. Endocranial anatomy of Carcharodontosaurus saharicus (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) and its implications for theropod brain evolution. pp. 19-33. in Tanke, Darren H. & Carpenter, Kenneth, eds., 2001. Mesozoic Vertebrate Life: New Research inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie, Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis, Indiana: xviii + 542 pp.
Giganotosaurus Coria and Salgado, 1995
G. carolinii Coria and Salgado, 1995
Early Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous
Candeleros Formation of Rio Limay Subgroup, Argentina
Holotype- (MUCPv-Ch1) (12.5 m, 5 tons) (skull- ~1.8 m) premaxilla, maxilla, nasal, lacrimal, postorbital, quadrate, braincase, anterior dentary, teeth, most cervical vertebrae (including axis and eighth cervical), most dorsal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, first caudal vertebra, caudal vertebrae 7-21, two distal caudal vertebrae, eight chevrons, scapula (727 mm), coracoid, ilium (1.54 m), pubes (1.11 m), ischia (1.2 m), femora (1.43 m), tibia (1.12 m), fibula, metatarsi, pedal elements
Referred- (MUCPv-52) tooth (90 mm) (Calvo, 1999)
(MUCPv-95) (13.5 m, 6.2 tons) (skull ~1.95 m) incomplete dentary, teeth (Calvo, 1999)
References- Coria and Salgado, 1995. A new giant carnivorous dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 377:224?226.
Calvo, 1999. Dinosaurs and other vertebrates of the Lake Ezequiel Ramos Mexia area, Neuquen - Patagonia, Argentina. in Tomida, Rich and Vickers-Rich (eds.). Proceedings of the Second Godwanan Dinosaur Symposium. 13-45.
Calvo and Coria, 2000. New specimen of Giganotosaurus carolinii supports it as the largest theropod ever found. Gaia 15, pp. 117-122.
Coria and Currie, 2002. The braincase of Giganotosaurus carolinii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22(4), 802?811.
----------
Edité le 31/01/2006 à 22:29 par lolo
Discussion:
68 317
15
Dernière réponse
68 317
15
Dernière réponse
Posté par Lolo
Posté par Gigy
C'est une rigolade ou quoi, tu sais ce que c'est passer domesticus?
Posté par Lolo
Un pigeon, ou un truc comme ça, pourquoi ?
Posté par Gigy
Ben c'est le nom scientifique du moineau domestique, pourquoi ils l'ont foutu dans les carcharodontosauridae. 
Posté par Lolo
On retrouve souvent Passer domesticus dans les discussions de phylogénie dans The Dinosauria ... c'est selon le gars Sereno ... faudrait revoir ses travaux ... je pense que le moineau est là pour représenter l'évolution actuelle des Theropodes ...
Posté par Gigy
Ils l'ont mis comme référent extérieur, tu avoueras que c'est quand même surprenant. 
enfin que retenir de tout cela, c'est qu'il y en a du monde pas encore décrit. Y a du travail.
Pour moi les seuls vrais actuels. sont
Giganotosaurus
Carcharodontosaurus peut être congénérique avec gigy (voir mon post sur tyrannotitan)
tyrannotitan
Les autres bahariasaurus etc sont trop imcomplets.
quand à acroc il glisse de classification tous les 15 jours.
moi je dis attendons la description de "mupasaurus"? qui nous donnera un squelette complet. On pourra alors mieux comparer toutes les synapomorphies avec les autres allosauroïdea, les sinraptoridae et les autres prétendu carcharodontosauridae. Qu'en penses-tu?
enfin que retenir de tout cela, c'est qu'il y en a du monde pas encore décrit. Y a du travail. Pour moi les seuls vrais actuels. sont
Giganotosaurus
Carcharodontosaurus peut être congénérique avec gigy (voir mon post sur tyrannotitan)
tyrannotitan
Les autres bahariasaurus etc sont trop imcomplets.
quand à acroc il glisse de classification tous les 15 jours.
moi je dis attendons la description de "mupasaurus"? qui nous donnera un squelette complet. On pourra alors mieux comparer toutes les synapomorphies avec les autres allosauroïdea, les sinraptoridae et les autres prétendu carcharodontosauridae. Qu'en penses-tu?
Posté par Lolo
C'est ma devise: attendons, ou alors qui vivra verra, ou alors rien de sert de courir, non ça sert à rien
Posté par Big al
Donc le nouveau Carcharodontosauridae s'appelle mupasaurus ?
Posté par Gigy
Lolo est ce que tu connais cet exellent papier, (moi je le trouve excellent en tout cas, Barrick, un des meilleurs spécialistes de la régulation y exliquele mésométabolisme des prédateurs géants.
THERMOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF GIGANOTOSAURUS: COMPARISON WITH TYRANNOSAURUS (j'ai pas su mettre le pdf, faudras que tu m'explique comment on fait, comme ça je pourrai t'en envoyer aussi) ici tu tape ça sur google mais je suppose que tu sais. Il le télécharge tout seul après.
Dis moi si tu connais et ce que tu en penses?
ps: je t'ai envoyé deux MP hier.
THERMOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF GIGANOTOSAURUS: COMPARISON WITH TYRANNOSAURUS (j'ai pas su mettre le pdf, faudras que tu m'explique comment on fait, comme ça je pourrai t'en envoyer aussi) ici tu tape ça sur google mais je suppose que tu sais. Il le télécharge tout seul après.
Dis moi si tu connais et ce que tu en penses?
ps: je t'ai envoyé deux MP hier.
Posté par Lolo
Merci pour les photos ...
L'article que tu cites: http://palaeo-electronica.org/1999_2/gigan/text.pdf
Si tu as des pdf à proposer, il me faut juste les références ... il m'en manque quelques uns ...
Posté par Gigy
Les photos te plaisent?
Pour big al, mupasaurus est seulement une rumeur, pas de conclusion hâtive.
Mais il est annoncé sur plusieurs site comme plus grand que tous les autres théropodes connus. donc ç'est peut être lui!
Mais ce n'est qu'une déduction.
Pour big al, mupasaurus est seulement une rumeur, pas de conclusion hâtive.
Mais il est annoncé sur plusieurs site comme plus grand que tous les autres théropodes connus. donc ç'est peut être lui!
Mais ce n'est qu'une déduction.
Posté par Lolo
Oui merci
Posté par Fifi
Au fait, avez vous l'auteur et la date du carcharodontosauridae incertain du Japon soup'lait ?
Posté par Lolo
Ben Chure et al, 1999, comme indiqué plus haut 
Posté par Fifi
Ah mrd excuse
Répondre