Tyrannosaurus Rex
Discussion verrouillée
Posté par Nicolas
Les dents du tyrannosaurus Rex faisait combien de centimètres environ? Et pourriez m'expliquez pourquoi sur un livre c'est marqué qu'un tyrannosaurus Rex pouvez courir à 16 km et dans un autre 50 km?
Posté par Le raptor
Les dents d'un t-rex mesurent entre 16 à 20 cm.
Pour la deuxième question, cela dépend des recherches et des paléontologues qu'ils ont interrogé. Et puis pour la vitesse des dinosaures, ce ne peu être que de l'approximation. Tiens, moi, j'ai lu dans un bouquin qu'un t-rex pouvait courir jusqqu'à 30 km/h. La vitesse des dinosaures restent encore mystérieuse.
Donc, ne te
, pour ça.
Pour la deuxième question, cela dépend des recherches et des paléontologues qu'ils ont interrogé. Et puis pour la vitesse des dinosaures, ce ne peu être que de l'approximation. Tiens, moi, j'ai lu dans un bouquin qu'un t-rex pouvait courir jusqqu'à 30 km/h. La vitesse des dinosaures restent encore mystérieuse.
Donc, ne te
, pour ça.
Posté par Nicolas
Thanks, 'Raptor'...
Posté par Le raptor
De rein mon vieux 
Posté par Darckiller
Moi j'ai un logiciel informatique intitulé "Le monde des dinosuares en 3D", qui me dit que les scientifiques ont 2 hypothèses majeures:- soit le T-rex est un animal peu rapide, plutôt lent (moins de 20 KM/H), ne se nourrissant presque que de charognes ou d'autres proies qu'il aurait obtenu en se mettant en embusquade ;
-soit, les scientifiques ayant mené par la suite, une étude approfondie des ses puissantes pattes postérieures et exécuter les donner dans un ordinateur en entrant une série d'algorithme, ils ont pu faire une simulation et en ont conclu que le T-rex pouvait courir pour chasser ses proies, vu les atouts de prédateurs dont il est doté, sur de moyennes distances à une vitesse située aux alentour de 60 KM/H (en fait entre 55KM/H et 65KM/H), ce qui en fait un prédateur redoutable.
-soit, les scientifiques ayant mené par la suite, une étude approfondie des ses puissantes pattes postérieures et exécuter les donner dans un ordinateur en entrant une série d'algorithme, ils ont pu faire une simulation et en ont conclu que le T-rex pouvait courir pour chasser ses proies, vu les atouts de prédateurs dont il est doté, sur de moyennes distances à une vitesse située aux alentour de 60 KM/H (en fait entre 55KM/H et 65KM/H), ce qui en fait un prédateur redoutable.
Posté par Nicolas
Ouai, mais tu l'a eu ou ce logiciel?
Posté par Darckiller
Je l'ai acheté il y a quelques années il est vraiment complet et très interactif; J'ai aussi un autre logiciel intitulé "A la recherche des dinosaures" que mon oncle m'avait gravé, qui lui est pas mal également. 
Posté par Darckiller
Http://www.luisrey.ndtilda.co.uk/jpegs/256col/2trex.jpg
Cette image est impressionnante pour ma part.
Cette image est impressionnante pour ma part.
Posté par DOrbigny
Salut
Il y a quelques temps j'avais lu un article qui disait que le T.rex avait une trop gros tête pour courir vite...
Il y a quelques temps j'avais lu un article qui disait que le T.rex avait une trop gros tête pour courir vite...
Posté par Nicolas
Ah bon...
Posté par Komodo
On estime souvent qu'il marchait vite plutôt que courir.
Mais faisant des pas de plus de 4 m, il devait quand même tracer.
Mais faisant des pas de plus de 4 m, il devait quand même tracer.
Posté par Darckiller
La puissance des pattes postérieures (reconstituer) du T-rex nous confirme qu'il pouvait courir 
Posté par Darckiller
Les plus grandes dents de T-rex retrouvés mesuraient 32 cm
Posté par Darckiller
Posté par Le raptor
Moi aussi je pense q'uil pouvait courir, n'oublions pas que c'est un prédateur, même si le crâne du t-rex était assez gros. Les bras servaient équilibrer le corp de l'animal, c'est pour ça qui sont aussi petit, car (comme je l'ai expliqué dans l'ancien forum), si les bras étaient long et griffus comme les allosauridés, le t-rex tomberait vers l'avant.
En conclusion, le t-rex a sacrifié ces longs bras pour avoir des mâchoires énorme. Donc le corp du t-rex est assez équilibré pour courir même avec un gros crâne.
En conclusion, le t-rex a sacrifié ces longs bras pour avoir des mâchoires énorme. Donc le corp du t-rex est assez équilibré pour courir même avec un gros crâne.
Posté par Komodo
c'est exact.
Posté par Fascinosaure
Oui les dents du t-rex faisaient a peu prés la taille d'une banane
,et j'ai vu dans un documentaire que pour que le t-rex court a 50 km il fallait que 80% de sa masse musculaire etait rallier a ses membres inferieur ,ce qui est physiquement impossible,les paleontogues en a donc conclus que le t-rex se deplacait plûtot comme un elephant donc il en n'on deduit qu'il se deplacait a 16 km
,et j'ai vu dans un documentaire que pour que le t-rex court a 50 km il fallait que 80% de sa masse musculaire etait rallier a ses membres inferieur ,ce qui est physiquement impossible,les paleontogues en a donc conclus que le t-rex se deplacait plûtot comme un elephant donc il en n'on deduit qu'il se deplacait a 16 km
Posté par DOrbigny
Petite précision,
Si les bras du t.rex sont petit se n'est pas pour s'équilibré,
C'est surtout parce que ses avant bras contrairement à ses ancêtre ne lui servait pas qu'ils ont régressé.
Quand on a de pareil dents, pas besoin de bras griffu!
Si les bras du t.rex sont petit se n'est pas pour s'équilibré,
C'est surtout parce que ses avant bras contrairement à ses ancêtre ne lui servait pas qu'ils ont régressé.
Quand on a de pareil dents, pas besoin de bras griffu!
Posté par Eragon
Hein ? C'était pas plutôt vingt ?
Posté par Lolo
Voilà tout le matériel retrouvé pour le T.rex:
Holotype- (CMN 9380, =AMNH 973) (10.6 m, 5.7 tons) maxilla, lacrimal, squamosal, ectopterygoid, dentary (500 mm), surangular, teeth, cervical vertebra, seven dorsal vertebrae, three gastralia, (sacrum- 983 mm) first sacral vertebra (225 mm), second sacral vertebra (210 mm), third sacral vertebra (165 mm), fourth sacral vertebra (180 mm), fifth sacral vertebra (195 mm), scapula, humerus (360 mm), ilia, pubes, ischia, femora (1.28 m), tibia (1.14 m), metatarsus (684 mm) (Osborn 1905, Osborn 1906, Osborn 1912, Osborn 1916)
Referred- (AMNH 1011) incomplete tooth
(AMNH 30564) (1.76 tons; 15 year old subadult) including ribs, gastralia and fibula (femur 980 mm)
(AMNH 3982; holotype of Manospondylus gigas) tenth cervical centrum (90 mm), cervical centrum (lost) (Cope 1982, Osborn 1916)
(AMNH 5005, lost) (juvenile) cranial fragments, fibula (Carr 1999)
(AMNH 5020) metatarsal IV (Molnar, 1991)
(AMNH 5021) pedal phalanx (Molnar, 1991)
(AMNH 5027) (10.6 m, 5.7 tons, adult) skull (1.355 m), lower jaws (1.205 m; dentary 530 mm), cervical vertebrae 1-10 (960 mm total), cervical ribs, (dorsal series 2.184 m) dorsal vertebrae (~160 mm), twelfth dorsal vertebra (161 mm), thirteenth dorsal vertebra (150 mm), dorsal ribs, (sacrum- 1.478 m) first sacral vertebra (210 mm), second sacral vertebra (180 mm), third sacral vertebra (158 mm), fourth sacral vertebra (180 mm), fifth sacral vertebra (210 mm), first caudal vertebra (203 mm), caudal vertebrae 1-15, 17, 21, 22, ribs, ilia (1.515 m), pubes (~1.2 m), ischia (1.236 m) (Osborn 1912, Osborn 1916, Molnar 1991, Carr 1999)
(AMNH 5029) (adult) skull (Carr 1999)
(AMNH 5044) caudal vertebrae (Molnar, 1991)
(AMNH 5117) (adult) braincase, postorbital (lost), pterygoid (lost), hyoid (lost) (Osborn 1912, Carr 1999)
(AMNH 21542) juvenile) skull (Carr 1999)
(BHI 116) frontal
(BHI 1281) tooth (90 mm)
(BHI 3033; holotype of Tyrannosaurus "stanwinstonorus"; Stan) skull (~1.4 m), dentary (580 mm), 60% complete postcrania
(BHI 4100; Duffy) partial skull, 30% complete postcrania
(BHI coll.; E. D. Cope) >10% complete skeleton
(BHI coll.; Fox) 10% complete postcrania
(BHI coll.; Steven)
?(BHI coll.; referred to lancensis) lacrimal?, jugal, three teeth (Larson pers. comm. 1997 to Ford and Chure 2001)
(BMNH R7994; holotype of Dynamosaurus imperiosus; = AMNH 5866) palatines (lost), dentaries, cervical vertebrae 1-9, tenth cervical vertebra (110 mm), cervical ribs 2-10, dorsal vertebrae, two sacral vertebrae, fragmentary ilium, fragmentary femur (Osborn 1905, Osborn 1906)
(BMNH R7995; = AMNH 5881) gastralia, femur, tibiae, fibula?, metatarsal I, metatarsal II, metatarsal IV, pedal phalanges? (Osborn 1906)
(Burpee Museum of Natural History coll.; Jane; referred to lancensis) (~5 m) incomplete skull, mandible, teeth (~100 mm), seven cervical vertebrae, cervical ribs, four posterior dorsal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, gastralia, sacrum, twenty proximal caudal vertebrae (~130 mm), seventeen chevrons, scapulacoracoid, humerus (270 mm), radius, ulna, partial manus, pelves, femora, tibiae, metatarsi, pedal pes (Bakker, Larson, Currie, tbd)
(CMN 244) pedal phalanx (Molnar, 1991)
(CMN 1400) cranial fragments including maxilla, mandibles, two dorsal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, seven caudal vertebrae, chevrons, ilium, pubic fragments, ischial fragments, femur (Molnar, 1991)
?(CMN 5741, holotype of Gorgosaurus lancensis) (juvenile) skull (602 mm), lower jaws (Bakker, Williams and Currie 1988, Carr 1999)
(CMN 7541) incomplete skull
(CMN 9379, =AMNH 5029) braincase, splenial (lost), prearticular (lost), articular (lost) (Osborn 1912)
(CMN 9401; may be from the Judith River Group of Montana; Ford and Chure 2001) lacrimal
(CMN 9554) incomplete cervical vertebra (Russell 1970)
(CMN coll.; Mr. Zed; = Z-rex; = Samson) incomplete skull, twenty-two teeth, 40% complete postcrania
(DIS 101) 20-25% complete postcrania
(DDM coll.) 10% complete postcrania
(DMNH 2827) partial hindlimb
?(DMNH coll.; referred to lancensis) (juvenile) three teeth
(FMNH PR2081, =BHI 2033; Sue) (11.2 m; 5.654 tons; 28 year old adult) skull (1.53 m), cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, sacrum, proximal caudal vertebrae, scapula, coracoid, humerus (37.3 mm), radius (17.3 mm), ulna (21.9 mm), metacarpal I (6.4 mm), manual ungual I, metacarpal II (10.9 mm), phalanx II-1 (5.5 mm), phalanx II-2 (7.9 mm), manual ungual II, pelvis, femora (1.321, 1.308 m), tibia (1.2 m), fibula, pes
(ICM 2001.90.1) (2.98 tons; 16 year old adult) includes ribs and gastralia (femur ~1.168 m) (Erickson et al., 2004)
(ISGS coll.) metatarsal
(LACM 23844) incomplete skull, lower jaws (dentary 535 mm), cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, gasteralia, caudal vertebrae, scapulacoracoid, incomplete ischia, femur, fibula, astragalus, metatarsus (640 mm) (Molnar 1991)
(LACM 23845, holotype of Albertosaurus megagracilis) (~7.5 m, ~1.81 tons, 14 year old subadult) partial skull (900 mm) including nasal, fragmented maxilla, dorsal section of lacrimal, prefrontal, frontal, anteromedial section of parietal, quadratojugal, supraoccipital, pterygoid, midsection of dentary, angular, prearticular, surangular, ulna (131 mm), metacarpal II (70 mm), manual ungual, proximal two-thirds of femur (~989 mm), proximal half of tibia, fibula (863 mm), astragalus, metatarsal II (507 mm), phalanx II-1, phalanx II-2, distal half of metatarsal III, phalanxIII-1, phalanx III-2, phalanx III-3, pedal ungual III, phalanx IV-1, phalanx IV-2, phalanx IV-3, phalanx IV-4, pedal ungual IV (Molnar 1980)
(LACM 23845) 12% of skeleton
(LACM 28471; Jordan theropod; holotype of Aublysodon molnaris) (30 kg; 2 year old juvenile) premaxillary tooth (12 mm), maxilla lacking distal third, first maxillary teeth (16, 18 mm), second maxillary teeth (43, 35 mm), fourth maxillary teeth (47, 40 mm), nasal, frontal, parietal, anterior half of dentary, first dentary tooth (9 mm), second dentary tooth (19 mm), six other teeth (24-32 mm), posterior surangular fragment (femur ~252 mm) (Molnar 1978)
(MMS 51-2004) frontal, partial braincase (Molnar 1980)
(MMUW coll.) 30% complete postcrania
(MOR 008) incomplete skull (Molnar 1991)
(MOR 009) skull, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, pelvis, femur (1.143 m), tibia (1.118 m), metatarsus (593 mm)
(MOR 555) (adult) skull, lower jaw, cervical vertebrae 2-10, dorsal vertebrae 1-13, sacrum, caudal vertebrae 1-18, partial scapula, partial coracoid, humerus (377 mm), radius, ulna, radiale, ulnare, metacarpal I, phalanx I-1 (98 mm), metacarpal II (94 mm), phalanx II-1 (57 mm), phalanx II-2 (78 mm), metacarpal III, ilia, pubes, ischia, femora (1.27 m), tibiae (1.1 m), metatarsus, pes (Horner and Lessem 1993, Farlow, Smith and Robinson 1995, Carr 1999, Carpenter and Smith 2001)
(MOR 557) posterior braincase
(MOR 980; Rigby specimen; material of Tyrannosaurus ?imperator?) braincase, caudal vertebrae, pubes (1.33 m), limb elements
(MOR 980; Rigby rex #2) (~10 m) 80% complete skeleton including disarticulated cranial material including maxilla, nasal, jugal, braincase and dentaries, pubes, tibia, fibula
(MOR 980; Rigby rex #3) fragmentary skeleton
(MOR 1125; B-rex) maxilla, jugal, quadrates, braincase, dentary, surangular, angular, two teeth, partial dorsal vertebrae, several dorsal ribs, scapulocoracoid, furcula, ischium, femora, tibia, fibulae, distal tarsal, metatarsi, pedal phalanges
(MOR 1126; Celeste or C-rex) (10% > Sue) surangular, tooth, few cervical vertebrae, cervical ribs, dorsal vertebrae 1-13, twenty-six dorsal ribs, gastralia, sacrum, scapula, pubes, ischia, pedal phalanx
(MOR 1127; L-rex) cervical vertebrae, cervical ribs
(MOR 1128; G-rex) dentary, two teeth, vertebrae, several ribs, pubis, ischium, femur, tibia
(MOR 1131; J-rex) cranial elements including frontals, parietals, braincase
(MOR 1152; F-rex) ribcage, caudal vertebra, chevron, pelvis, hindlimbs including metatarsal
(MOR 1156; J-rex2) four elements
(NMMNH P-3698; = P-1013-1) palatine (missidentified as an articular), dentary, prearticular, three teeth, chevron? (Gillette, Wolberg and Hunt, 1986)
(NMMNH P-7199) partial dentary, tooth fragments, partial vertebra (Carr and Williamson, 2000)
(NMMNH P-13000) tooth (Lucas et al., 1987)
(RSM 283.2) frontal
(RSM coll.; Regina) 75% complete postcrania
(RTMP 81.6.1; Black Beauty) (3.23 tons; 18 year old adult) skull, lower jaws, 30% complete postcrania including femur (1.2 m) (Carr 1999)
(RTMP 81.12.1, including CMN 9950) (5.04 tons; 22 year old adult) postorbital, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, pelvis, femur (1.34 m), tibia (1.18 m), metatarsus (698 mm), pedal phalanx (Russell 1970, Carr 1999)
(RTMP 82.50.11) maxilla
(SMNH P2523.8) fragmentary skull, fragmentary skeleton (Tokaryk, 1985)
(SDSM 8354/PRB8775) skull, partial skeleton (Carpenter pers. comm. to Ford and Chure, 2001)
(SDSM 12047) skull lacking premaxilla, surangular, angular, 40% complete postcrania (Molnar 1991)
(SDSM 15115) tooth (Whitemore, 1988)
(SDSM 15117) tooth fragment (Whitemore, 1988)
(TMM 41436-1) maxilla (Lawson, 1976)
(UCMP 38804) partial tooth
(UCMP 118742) (13.6 m, ~12 tons, adult) maxilla (skull ~1.75 m) (Carr 1999)
(UCMP 131583) maxilla, dentaries
(UCMP 137539) 20% complete skeleton including partial hindlimbs
(University of Illinois coll.) tooth (Jacobson and Stroka, 1995)
(University of Wisconsin coll.) 10% complete skeleton
(UND coll.) skull, pubis (1998)
(UMNH 11000) postorbital, squamosal, third cervical vertebra, fourth cervical vertebra, dorsal rib, second sacral vertebra, third sacral vertebra, fourth sacral vertebra, six mid caudal vertebrae, six chevrons, partial ilium, proximal ischium, tibia, fibula, astragalus (Loewen, Sampson, Getty and Difley, 2001; Sampson and Loewen, 2005)
(UNO coll.; Pete) 10% complete skeleton
(UNM FKK-076) tooth
(USNM 2110) distal metatarsal IV (590 mm) (Gilmore 1920)
(USNM 6183) femur (1.033 m), tibia (890 mm), proximal fibula (Gilmore 1920)
(USNM 8064) ilium (Gilmore 1920)
(USNM 8346) dentary (length from teeth 1-13, 354 mm) (Gilmore 1920)
(USNM coll.; N-rex) dentary, angular, cervical vertebra, few cervical ribs, couple dorsal neural spines, couple dorsal ribs, gastralium, few caudal vertebrae, few chevrons, ilium, pubis, ischium, hindlimb
(YPM 1866) (YPM online)
(YPM 4192) (YPM online)
(YPM 8228) (YPM online)
(YPM-PU 16516) (YPM online)
(YPM-PU 18307) (YPM online)
(YPM-PU 21203) (YPM online)
(Bowman) 10% complete postcrania
(County rex)
(private coll.; Barnum) premaxillary fragment, two premaxillary teeth, maxilla, maxillary tooth, jugal, squamosal, pterygoid, partial braincase, partial dentary, three dentary teeth, surangular, 40% complete cervical column, partial dorsal vertebra, eleven partial dorsal ribs, gastralium, two caudal vertebrae, partial scapula, partial humerus, partial ilium, partial pubis, partial ischium, femora, partial fibula, astragalus, partial metatarsal I, metatarsal II, partial metatarsals III, phalanx III-1, metatarsal IV, phalanx IV-3, phalanx IV-4, pedal phalanx
(private collection; Tinker)
(private collection; rex A) 20% complete skeleton
(private collection; rex B) 10% complete skeleton
(private collection; rex C) 10% complete skeleton
(private collection; rex E)
tooth fragments (Estes, 1964)
material (McMannis, 1965)
?(referred to lancensis) (juvenile) five teeth (Bakker, Williams and Currie, 1998)
?(teeth assigned to lancensis by Bakker et al. 1988) (juvenile) five teeth, vertebral fragment, distal metatarsal, phalanx (Lupton, Gabriel and West, 1980)
teeth (Lucas et al. 1987)
tooth (Browne, 1992)
partial tooth (Ein, 1993)
cranial elements, fragmentary skeleton (Larson, 1994)
?(referred to lancensis) (juvenile) material (O?Conner, 1994)
teeth (Derstler, 1995)
?(referred to lancensis) (juvenile) teeth (Derstler, 1995)
fragmentary skull, teeth, fragmentary skeleton (Burge pers. comm. 1997 to Ford and Chure, 2001)
tooth (Gangloff 1998)
tooth (Kirkland, Lucas and Estep 1998)
? (Wroblewski, 1998)
(uncollected) skull (Currie pers. comm. to Ford and Chure 2001)
pedal phalanges (Langston?s 1955 field notes; Ford and Chure 2001)
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Edité le 17/10/2005 à 21:31 par lolo
Holotype- (CMN 9380, =AMNH 973) (10.6 m, 5.7 tons) maxilla, lacrimal, squamosal, ectopterygoid, dentary (500 mm), surangular, teeth, cervical vertebra, seven dorsal vertebrae, three gastralia, (sacrum- 983 mm) first sacral vertebra (225 mm), second sacral vertebra (210 mm), third sacral vertebra (165 mm), fourth sacral vertebra (180 mm), fifth sacral vertebra (195 mm), scapula, humerus (360 mm), ilia, pubes, ischia, femora (1.28 m), tibia (1.14 m), metatarsus (684 mm) (Osborn 1905, Osborn 1906, Osborn 1912, Osborn 1916)
Referred- (AMNH 1011) incomplete tooth
(AMNH 30564) (1.76 tons; 15 year old subadult) including ribs, gastralia and fibula (femur 980 mm)
(AMNH 3982; holotype of Manospondylus gigas) tenth cervical centrum (90 mm), cervical centrum (lost) (Cope 1982, Osborn 1916)
(AMNH 5005, lost) (juvenile) cranial fragments, fibula (Carr 1999)
(AMNH 5020) metatarsal IV (Molnar, 1991)
(AMNH 5021) pedal phalanx (Molnar, 1991)
(AMNH 5027) (10.6 m, 5.7 tons, adult) skull (1.355 m), lower jaws (1.205 m; dentary 530 mm), cervical vertebrae 1-10 (960 mm total), cervical ribs, (dorsal series 2.184 m) dorsal vertebrae (~160 mm), twelfth dorsal vertebra (161 mm), thirteenth dorsal vertebra (150 mm), dorsal ribs, (sacrum- 1.478 m) first sacral vertebra (210 mm), second sacral vertebra (180 mm), third sacral vertebra (158 mm), fourth sacral vertebra (180 mm), fifth sacral vertebra (210 mm), first caudal vertebra (203 mm), caudal vertebrae 1-15, 17, 21, 22, ribs, ilia (1.515 m), pubes (~1.2 m), ischia (1.236 m) (Osborn 1912, Osborn 1916, Molnar 1991, Carr 1999)
(AMNH 5029) (adult) skull (Carr 1999)
(AMNH 5044) caudal vertebrae (Molnar, 1991)
(AMNH 5117) (adult) braincase, postorbital (lost), pterygoid (lost), hyoid (lost) (Osborn 1912, Carr 1999)
(AMNH 21542) juvenile) skull (Carr 1999)
(BHI 116) frontal
(BHI 1281) tooth (90 mm)
(BHI 3033; holotype of Tyrannosaurus "stanwinstonorus"; Stan) skull (~1.4 m), dentary (580 mm), 60% complete postcrania
(BHI 4100; Duffy) partial skull, 30% complete postcrania
(BHI coll.; E. D. Cope) >10% complete skeleton
(BHI coll.; Fox) 10% complete postcrania
(BHI coll.; Steven)
?(BHI coll.; referred to lancensis) lacrimal?, jugal, three teeth (Larson pers. comm. 1997 to Ford and Chure 2001)
(BMNH R7994; holotype of Dynamosaurus imperiosus; = AMNH 5866) palatines (lost), dentaries, cervical vertebrae 1-9, tenth cervical vertebra (110 mm), cervical ribs 2-10, dorsal vertebrae, two sacral vertebrae, fragmentary ilium, fragmentary femur (Osborn 1905, Osborn 1906)
(BMNH R7995; = AMNH 5881) gastralia, femur, tibiae, fibula?, metatarsal I, metatarsal II, metatarsal IV, pedal phalanges? (Osborn 1906)
(Burpee Museum of Natural History coll.; Jane; referred to lancensis) (~5 m) incomplete skull, mandible, teeth (~100 mm), seven cervical vertebrae, cervical ribs, four posterior dorsal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, gastralia, sacrum, twenty proximal caudal vertebrae (~130 mm), seventeen chevrons, scapulacoracoid, humerus (270 mm), radius, ulna, partial manus, pelves, femora, tibiae, metatarsi, pedal pes (Bakker, Larson, Currie, tbd)
(CMN 244) pedal phalanx (Molnar, 1991)
(CMN 1400) cranial fragments including maxilla, mandibles, two dorsal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, seven caudal vertebrae, chevrons, ilium, pubic fragments, ischial fragments, femur (Molnar, 1991)
?(CMN 5741, holotype of Gorgosaurus lancensis) (juvenile) skull (602 mm), lower jaws (Bakker, Williams and Currie 1988, Carr 1999)
(CMN 7541) incomplete skull
(CMN 9379, =AMNH 5029) braincase, splenial (lost), prearticular (lost), articular (lost) (Osborn 1912)
(CMN 9401; may be from the Judith River Group of Montana; Ford and Chure 2001) lacrimal
(CMN 9554) incomplete cervical vertebra (Russell 1970)
(CMN coll.; Mr. Zed; = Z-rex; = Samson) incomplete skull, twenty-two teeth, 40% complete postcrania
(DIS 101) 20-25% complete postcrania
(DDM coll.) 10% complete postcrania
(DMNH 2827) partial hindlimb
?(DMNH coll.; referred to lancensis) (juvenile) three teeth
(FMNH PR2081, =BHI 2033; Sue) (11.2 m; 5.654 tons; 28 year old adult) skull (1.53 m), cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, sacrum, proximal caudal vertebrae, scapula, coracoid, humerus (37.3 mm), radius (17.3 mm), ulna (21.9 mm), metacarpal I (6.4 mm), manual ungual I, metacarpal II (10.9 mm), phalanx II-1 (5.5 mm), phalanx II-2 (7.9 mm), manual ungual II, pelvis, femora (1.321, 1.308 m), tibia (1.2 m), fibula, pes
(ICM 2001.90.1) (2.98 tons; 16 year old adult) includes ribs and gastralia (femur ~1.168 m) (Erickson et al., 2004)
(ISGS coll.) metatarsal
(LACM 23844) incomplete skull, lower jaws (dentary 535 mm), cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, gasteralia, caudal vertebrae, scapulacoracoid, incomplete ischia, femur, fibula, astragalus, metatarsus (640 mm) (Molnar 1991)
(LACM 23845, holotype of Albertosaurus megagracilis) (~7.5 m, ~1.81 tons, 14 year old subadult) partial skull (900 mm) including nasal, fragmented maxilla, dorsal section of lacrimal, prefrontal, frontal, anteromedial section of parietal, quadratojugal, supraoccipital, pterygoid, midsection of dentary, angular, prearticular, surangular, ulna (131 mm), metacarpal II (70 mm), manual ungual, proximal two-thirds of femur (~989 mm), proximal half of tibia, fibula (863 mm), astragalus, metatarsal II (507 mm), phalanx II-1, phalanx II-2, distal half of metatarsal III, phalanxIII-1, phalanx III-2, phalanx III-3, pedal ungual III, phalanx IV-1, phalanx IV-2, phalanx IV-3, phalanx IV-4, pedal ungual IV (Molnar 1980)
(LACM 23845) 12% of skeleton
(LACM 28471; Jordan theropod; holotype of Aublysodon molnaris) (30 kg; 2 year old juvenile) premaxillary tooth (12 mm), maxilla lacking distal third, first maxillary teeth (16, 18 mm), second maxillary teeth (43, 35 mm), fourth maxillary teeth (47, 40 mm), nasal, frontal, parietal, anterior half of dentary, first dentary tooth (9 mm), second dentary tooth (19 mm), six other teeth (24-32 mm), posterior surangular fragment (femur ~252 mm) (Molnar 1978)
(MMS 51-2004) frontal, partial braincase (Molnar 1980)
(MMUW coll.) 30% complete postcrania
(MOR 008) incomplete skull (Molnar 1991)
(MOR 009) skull, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, pelvis, femur (1.143 m), tibia (1.118 m), metatarsus (593 mm)
(MOR 555) (adult) skull, lower jaw, cervical vertebrae 2-10, dorsal vertebrae 1-13, sacrum, caudal vertebrae 1-18, partial scapula, partial coracoid, humerus (377 mm), radius, ulna, radiale, ulnare, metacarpal I, phalanx I-1 (98 mm), metacarpal II (94 mm), phalanx II-1 (57 mm), phalanx II-2 (78 mm), metacarpal III, ilia, pubes, ischia, femora (1.27 m), tibiae (1.1 m), metatarsus, pes (Horner and Lessem 1993, Farlow, Smith and Robinson 1995, Carr 1999, Carpenter and Smith 2001)
(MOR 557) posterior braincase
(MOR 980; Rigby specimen; material of Tyrannosaurus ?imperator?) braincase, caudal vertebrae, pubes (1.33 m), limb elements
(MOR 980; Rigby rex #2) (~10 m) 80% complete skeleton including disarticulated cranial material including maxilla, nasal, jugal, braincase and dentaries, pubes, tibia, fibula
(MOR 980; Rigby rex #3) fragmentary skeleton
(MOR 1125; B-rex) maxilla, jugal, quadrates, braincase, dentary, surangular, angular, two teeth, partial dorsal vertebrae, several dorsal ribs, scapulocoracoid, furcula, ischium, femora, tibia, fibulae, distal tarsal, metatarsi, pedal phalanges
(MOR 1126; Celeste or C-rex) (10% > Sue) surangular, tooth, few cervical vertebrae, cervical ribs, dorsal vertebrae 1-13, twenty-six dorsal ribs, gastralia, sacrum, scapula, pubes, ischia, pedal phalanx
(MOR 1127; L-rex) cervical vertebrae, cervical ribs
(MOR 1128; G-rex) dentary, two teeth, vertebrae, several ribs, pubis, ischium, femur, tibia
(MOR 1131; J-rex) cranial elements including frontals, parietals, braincase
(MOR 1152; F-rex) ribcage, caudal vertebra, chevron, pelvis, hindlimbs including metatarsal
(MOR 1156; J-rex2) four elements
(NMMNH P-3698; = P-1013-1) palatine (missidentified as an articular), dentary, prearticular, three teeth, chevron? (Gillette, Wolberg and Hunt, 1986)
(NMMNH P-7199) partial dentary, tooth fragments, partial vertebra (Carr and Williamson, 2000)
(NMMNH P-13000) tooth (Lucas et al., 1987)
(RSM 283.2) frontal
(RSM coll.; Regina) 75% complete postcrania
(RTMP 81.6.1; Black Beauty) (3.23 tons; 18 year old adult) skull, lower jaws, 30% complete postcrania including femur (1.2 m) (Carr 1999)
(RTMP 81.12.1, including CMN 9950) (5.04 tons; 22 year old adult) postorbital, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, pelvis, femur (1.34 m), tibia (1.18 m), metatarsus (698 mm), pedal phalanx (Russell 1970, Carr 1999)
(RTMP 82.50.11) maxilla
(SMNH P2523.8) fragmentary skull, fragmentary skeleton (Tokaryk, 1985)
(SDSM 8354/PRB8775) skull, partial skeleton (Carpenter pers. comm. to Ford and Chure, 2001)
(SDSM 12047) skull lacking premaxilla, surangular, angular, 40% complete postcrania (Molnar 1991)
(SDSM 15115) tooth (Whitemore, 1988)
(SDSM 15117) tooth fragment (Whitemore, 1988)
(TMM 41436-1) maxilla (Lawson, 1976)
(UCMP 38804) partial tooth
(UCMP 118742) (13.6 m, ~12 tons, adult) maxilla (skull ~1.75 m) (Carr 1999)
(UCMP 131583) maxilla, dentaries
(UCMP 137539) 20% complete skeleton including partial hindlimbs
(University of Illinois coll.) tooth (Jacobson and Stroka, 1995)
(University of Wisconsin coll.) 10% complete skeleton
(UND coll.) skull, pubis (1998)
(UMNH 11000) postorbital, squamosal, third cervical vertebra, fourth cervical vertebra, dorsal rib, second sacral vertebra, third sacral vertebra, fourth sacral vertebra, six mid caudal vertebrae, six chevrons, partial ilium, proximal ischium, tibia, fibula, astragalus (Loewen, Sampson, Getty and Difley, 2001; Sampson and Loewen, 2005)
(UNO coll.; Pete) 10% complete skeleton
(UNM FKK-076) tooth
(USNM 2110) distal metatarsal IV (590 mm) (Gilmore 1920)
(USNM 6183) femur (1.033 m), tibia (890 mm), proximal fibula (Gilmore 1920)
(USNM 8064) ilium (Gilmore 1920)
(USNM 8346) dentary (length from teeth 1-13, 354 mm) (Gilmore 1920)
(USNM coll.; N-rex) dentary, angular, cervical vertebra, few cervical ribs, couple dorsal neural spines, couple dorsal ribs, gastralium, few caudal vertebrae, few chevrons, ilium, pubis, ischium, hindlimb
(YPM 1866) (YPM online)
(YPM 4192) (YPM online)
(YPM 8228) (YPM online)
(YPM-PU 16516) (YPM online)
(YPM-PU 18307) (YPM online)
(YPM-PU 21203) (YPM online)
(Bowman) 10% complete postcrania
(County rex)
(private coll.; Barnum) premaxillary fragment, two premaxillary teeth, maxilla, maxillary tooth, jugal, squamosal, pterygoid, partial braincase, partial dentary, three dentary teeth, surangular, 40% complete cervical column, partial dorsal vertebra, eleven partial dorsal ribs, gastralium, two caudal vertebrae, partial scapula, partial humerus, partial ilium, partial pubis, partial ischium, femora, partial fibula, astragalus, partial metatarsal I, metatarsal II, partial metatarsals III, phalanx III-1, metatarsal IV, phalanx IV-3, phalanx IV-4, pedal phalanx
(private collection; Tinker)
(private collection; rex A) 20% complete skeleton
(private collection; rex B) 10% complete skeleton
(private collection; rex C) 10% complete skeleton
(private collection; rex E)
tooth fragments (Estes, 1964)
material (McMannis, 1965)
?(referred to lancensis) (juvenile) five teeth (Bakker, Williams and Currie, 1998)
?(teeth assigned to lancensis by Bakker et al. 1988) (juvenile) five teeth, vertebral fragment, distal metatarsal, phalanx (Lupton, Gabriel and West, 1980)
teeth (Lucas et al. 1987)
tooth (Browne, 1992)
partial tooth (Ein, 1993)
cranial elements, fragmentary skeleton (Larson, 1994)
?(referred to lancensis) (juvenile) material (O?Conner, 1994)
teeth (Derstler, 1995)
?(referred to lancensis) (juvenile) teeth (Derstler, 1995)
fragmentary skull, teeth, fragmentary skeleton (Burge pers. comm. 1997 to Ford and Chure, 2001)
tooth (Gangloff 1998)
tooth (Kirkland, Lucas and Estep 1998)
? (Wroblewski, 1998)
(uncollected) skull (Currie pers. comm. to Ford and Chure 2001)
pedal phalanges (Langston?s 1955 field notes; Ford and Chure 2001)
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Edité le 17/10/2005 à 21:31 par lolo
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